CPT: 87529

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2) are highly contagious viruses that are spread through contact. HSV infection most commonly affects the face/mouth and genitals. HSV-1 most often causes oral herpes, while HSV-2 most often causes genital herpes; both viruses are known to cause infection at both sites, however. Most infections are asymptomatic, and symptomatic oral herpes most often causes recurring cold sores that resolve on their own. Genital herpes likewise causes recurring, painful lesions on the genitals; it is associated with rare but severe complications including aseptic meningitis and an increased risk of HIV/AIDS. Genital and oral herpes are transmitted by physical contact with an infected lesion. The virus remains latent in the nervous system after symptoms resolve; infection is lifelong and there is no cure.

Because HSV is extremely common and the vast majority of cases do not progress to severe disease, laboratory testing should only be used in specific situations in consultation with a health care provider. Laboratory testing is most useful for pregnant individuals, as herpes simplex can be transmitted to the infant during childbirth. Neonatal infection can cause disseminated and/or central nervous system herpes simplex, which can be fatal. Vertical transmission is most likely if initial HSV infection occurs late in pregnancy, which leads to greatly increased viral load and shedding.

We offer three different forms of HSV testing.

Nucleic Acid Amplification Test (NAAT):
Aptima HSV 1 and 2 assay is a nucleic acid amplification test to diagnose HSV. It is recommended by the CDC and WHO and is known for its quick delivery of results, high sensitivity and lower time consumption.

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR):
When there is a lesion present, it is recommended to seek a PCR test. This test measures the amount of viral DNA present, which will be high in an active infection. It is suggested to receive another test if there are no lesions since these tests would not necessarily indicate a true negative result.

Serologic Testing:
When there is no lesion present, a serologic test is recommended due to its capability to detect HSV antibodies but is only able to determine whether the patient was exposed to HSV. Serologic tests are limited to detecting infection within 2-3 weeks of primary infection, do not locate the site of infection and cannot diagnose neonatal HSV.

Sample Stability: 7 days at 37°C and 50°C, 14 days at room temperature, as well as refrigerated and frozen temperatures.

Turnaround Time: 98% < 72 hours, 50% < 24 hours

Directorship: Cheryl Hanau, MD; Garth Ehrlich, PhD, FAAAS, FAAM; Donald Hall Jr., PhD; Yinghua Qiu, PhD, DABCC

The information on these pages is provided for general information only and should not be used for diagnosis or treatment, or as a substitute for consultation with a physician or health care professional. If you have specific questions or concerns about your health, you should consult your health care professional.

 
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